Italy is formally called as the Italian Republic. It is a unitary parliamentary republic located in the south central portion of Europe. It is bordered by France, Austria, Slovenia and Switzerland, all along the Alps in the north. It is surrounded in the south by the Italian peninsula, and the two biggest islands in the Mediterranean Sea – Sardinia and Sicily along with some tiny islands. The Vatican City and San Marino are the two independents, which are enclaves inside Italy. At the same time Campione d'Italia is an Italian enclave within Switzerland. The Italian territory encompasses an area of nearly 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi). The Italian republic has moderate seasonal climate, and has nearly 60.6 million people as inhabitants. Italy is the most fifth thickly populated nation in the Europe continent. It ranks 23rd in the world rankings as the most densely populated country.
The Capital of Italy is Rome. It was the capital of the erstwhile Roman Empire, and was a political hub for the western civilization. Subsequent to the decline, Italy was forced to endure numerous foreign people invasions, like the German tribes ranging from the Ostrogoths and Lombards, to the Byzantines as well as the Normans amongst others .After a lapse of few centuries, the country became the origin of Renaissance, an hugely productive intellectual movement which established to be vital in determining the ensuing course of European notion.

Throughout a great deal of post Roman history, Italy was split into various city states and kingdoms, (like the kingdom of Two Sicily, Kingdom of Sardinia and the Duchy of Milan), but later in 181, all these kingdoms were united, subsequent to a turbulent era in history called as “II Risorgimento”(“The Resurgence”).
The present day Italy is a modern republic. It has been rated as the 23rd most developed nation globally. Italy has been rated among top ten in the world in terms of Quality of life index. It possesses a soaring nominal GDP per Capita. Italy is the founding member of the European Union and is an element of the Euro zone. Eh country is also a member of NATO, G8 and G20. The country has the Globe’s eighth biggest nominal GDP, the tenth maximum GDP (PPP) and the sixth maximum government budget in the world. The country has the globe’s ninth biggest defense budget and it shares the nuclear weapons of NATO.

Capital: Rome

Republic: 2 June 1946.

Language: Italian (official)

Currency: Euro (€) 2 (EUR)

History of Italy

The excavations carried all over Italy disclose a contemporary human presence, which dates back to the Paleolithic period, around 200,000 years before. The pre Roman Italic tribes like Umbrians, Latin (the Romans appeared from this tribe), Samnites, Ligures and the Celts which occupied the northern part of Italy and several others are the majority of the Indo – European collection.

Initially the prehistoric Rome was a little agricultural community which was established in the 8th century BC. Over the lapse of few centuries, it evolved into a colossal empire covering the entire Mediterranean Sea in which the Roman and antique Greek cultures combined to form a single civilization.

During the middle age period, Italy witnessed the rise of various Maritime Republics, the most significant being the Genoa, Venice, Amalfi and Pisa. Genoa and Venice surfaced as major gateways of Europe to do business with the east, setting up colonies up to the Black sea and frequently controlling a major of the business with the Byzantine Empire. The city of Florence appeared as European capital for wool, banking, silk and jewelry. .
Commencing from the final two decades of the 19th century, Italy expanded into a colonial power by subduing and having control over Eritrea, Somalia, Dodecanese and Libya.

At first Italy remained neutral during the first world war, however in 1915, it signed the Treaty of London and entered into entente (a triple alliance of Britain, Russia and France) with an assurance that it will be getting from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Gorizia, Gradisca, Trieste, Trento, northern Dalmatia and Istria and also some parts of the ottoman empire. Nearly more than 650,000 Italians soldiers were killed in the First World War and the economy shrunken. According to the r the Treaties of Saint Germain, Rome and Rapallo, Italy received the almost all the promised areas, as well as Fiume, a Croatian town.

Subsequent to the world war, there were commotion that got instigated by the Russian revolution which led to chaos and mayhem. For fear of social revolutions, the liberal establishment supported the little National Fascist party that was led by Bunito Mussolini. Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in the year 1935, and that lead to Italy’s pulling out from the League of Nations. As a result, Mussolini joined hands with Hitler Japan and vigorously supported Franco during the Spanish civil war. During the year 1939, Italy invaded Albania, hereby entering into the World War II. They were on the side of eh Axis powers. Just like Hitler’s lightening war (Blitzkriegs) on France and Poland, Mussolini aspired for a quick victory, hence he invaded Greece in the year 1940, but his hopes were shatters as he suffered an embarrassing deadlock after some months.

In 1943, the allied powers invaded Italy, and crushed the fascist regime. Mussolini was captured by the communist Italian partisan and executed on April 28, 1945.