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Join Date: 24 May 2010
Location:  KuwaitPosts: 120 |
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Models of parenting |
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Models of parenting
Developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind identified three main parenting styles in early child development: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive.[5][6][7][8] Maccoby and Martin expanded the styles to four: authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful.[9][10] These four styles of parenting involve combinations of acceptance and responsiveness on the one hand and demand and control on the other.[11] There is no single or definitive model of parenting. What may be right for one family or one child may not be suitable for another. With authoritative and permissive (indulgent) parenting on opposite sides of the spectrum, most conventional and modern models of parenting fall somewhere in between. Attachment parenting – Seeks to create strong emotional bonds, avoiding physical punishment and accomplishing discipline through interactions recognizing a child's emotional needs all while focusing on holistic understanding of the child. Historic Developmental (Child as Apprentice) Model – As a child's independent capacities emerge, ever more complex opportunities for parental teaching and child mastery of the widest possible number of essential skills and knowledge is presented. The child gains self-worth simultaneous to the emergence of various competencies in an ever-growing number of essential venues, as adulthood is approached. From the initial highly dependent relationship with parents and direct community support, high levels of independence are attained seamlessly while special skills and abilities of the child have emerged in a manner relevant to successful adult vocational choices and expanded life interests. Nurturant parent model – A family model where children are expected to explore their surroundings with protection from their parents. Single Parent Model – The percentage of children being raised by single parents has been flat for the last 20 years but it remains nearly double the rate of 1970. Obstacles which create difficulty for single parents relate primarily to a halving of the numerous resources fundamental to parenting: income is often reduced dramatically; opportunities to present and process adult male and female roles, responsibilities, and skills to children is reduced; sharing of household maintenance with another adult is reduced; opportunities to see parents display affection and cooperation despite differences is reduced; both boys and girls will lack the cooperative presentation of adult male and adult female points of view regarding socialization fundamentals. Slow parenting – Encourages parents to plan and organise less for their children, instead allowing them to enjoy their childhood and explore the world at their own pace. Strict father model – An authoritarian approach, places a strong value on discipline as a means to survive and thrive in a harsh world. |
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